A CNC machining system is consists of the following elements:
Program
Tape Reader
Mini-computer
Servo system
CNC machine tool
Program:
This is entered into the computer through a keyboard. These are the codes used to control the machine.
The various CNC codes are N Code, G Code, XYZ Code, F code, etc.
Below is the table where I write all the common codes used in CNC.
Tape Reader:
This is used as a storage device where we can store the program for a particular machining operation.
Any modification of a program can easily be done by editing the existing program as per your requirement.
Mini-computer:
It is also called the machine control unit. It is to read interprets and converts perceived input, that is part program into the desired movement and controls the following functions:
To start and stop the machine spindle.
Vary the spindle speed accordingly and also it can control the direction of rotation of the spindle.
To start and stop the coolant supply.
To change the required tools as per requirements.
To change the workpiece.
To control the feed rate.
Also, the mini-computer equipped with diagnostic software which can detect any problem and restore the machine accordingly.
Servo system:
The function of the servo system is to receive the control signal from the feedback devices and the set output accordingly (To shaft, tools and other components of CNC machine)
Servo system mainly consists of:
Servo Motors
Feed-back devices
Ball screws
CNC Machine:
This is the actual machine where the finished product made. I already mentioned the parts of the CNC machine above this heading.
This is the housing of headstock, tailstock, foot switch, chuck, and tool turret.