First, the part program is inserted into the MCU of the CNC.
In MCU all the data process takes place and according to the program prepared, it prepares all the motion commands and sends it to the driving system.
The drive system works as the motion commands are sent by MCU. The drive system controls the motion and velocity of the machine tool.
The feedback system records the position and velocity measurement of the machine tool and sends a feedback signal to the MCU.
In MCU, the feedback signals are compared with the reference signals and if there are errors, it corrects it and sends new signals to the machine tool for the right operation to happen.
A display unit is used to see all the commands, programs and other important data. It acts as the eye of the machine.
Advantages
It can produce jobs with the highest accuracy and precision than any other manual machine.
It can be run for 24 hours a day.
The parts produced by it have the same accuracy. There is no variation in the parts manufactured.
A highly skilled operator is not required to operate it. A semi-skilled operator can also operate accurately and more precisely.
Operators can easily make changes and improvements and reduce the delay time.
It has the capability to produce complex designs with high accuracy in minimum possible time.
The modern design software, allows the designer to simulate the manufacturer of his/her idea. And this removes the need for making a prototype or model and saves time and money.
Fewer workers are required to operate a CNC and save labor costs.
Disadvantages
Despite of having so many advantages, It has some disadvantages too. And these are:
The cost of the CNC machine is very high as compared with a manually operated machine.
The parts of the CNC machines are expensive.
The maintenance cost in the case of CNC is quite high.
It does not eliminate the need for costly tools.